The spiny rat is relatively timid, and it hides away when it sees humans, so humans generally cannot see it. They are very adaptable and live in a variety of environments. Those with long tails perched in trees, those with short tails on the ground, and those in between are active both in trees and on the ground.

The spiny mouse generally lives alone, and some species gather in small groups. Needle-like bristles or thorns, also known as needle mice. Some species have become extinct, and spiny rats are more closely related to guinea pigs and chinchillas.