The Bengal cobra is venomous. Bengal cobra venom contains strong neurotoxins and cytotoxins. After being bitten, pain and swelling can occur, and in severe cases, death can occur. As of 2009, the number of Bengal cobras in China has declined by 30% in a decade due to overcapture.

The Bengal cobra inhabits lowland woodlands, mountains and farms. They are also sometimes found in densely populated areas such as cities and villages. Bengal cobras are active at night and come out to sing the sun during the day. Bengal cobras eat a variety of animals such as rodents, toads, lizards, birds, eggs, and sometimes their own species.