Complications in the treatment of renal failure in cats, from the personal experience of the shovel officer! Kidney failure is an extremely common medical disease in pets , Because there are many reasons for renal failure, there are many mistakes in diagnosis and treatment, and there are many complications after renal failure, which are almost related to the major systems of the whole body. If these questions are not clarified, it will be difficult for us to treat animals with renal failure, and the probability of pet recovery will be greatly reduced.

First, the identification of acute and chronic renal failure can start from the following points:

See if the muscles of the sick animal are plump. In general, animals with chronic renal failure become emaciated and the back muscles atrophy due to a period of uremia damage and consumption.

Inquiry: The onset of acute renal failure is more acute, the symptoms of vomiting are more frequent, and when the urea nitrogen is high, although the smell of ammonia can be smelled from the mouth, The incidence of secondary oral ulcers is low.

Imaging examination: X-ray examination, the size of the kidney usually increases or does not change in acute renal failure, and vice versa in chronic renal failure; B-ultrasound, In acute renal failure, the changes of renal cortex and medulla are much smaller than those in chronic renal failure.

Blood routine examination shows anemia in some cases of chronic renal failure, and rare cases of acute renal failure.

Electrolyte examination, hypokalemia is more common in polyuria stage of chronic renal failure, and hyperkalemia is common in oliguric stage of acute renal failure.

2. Complications of renal failure:

1. Nervous system

BUN/CRE increases, leading to degeneration of nerve cells, resulting in increased blood pressure, and finally brain edema.

2. Movement system

Mainly bones. Renal failure, causing hyperparathyroidism, the stimulation of a large number of phosphorus ions, causing a decrease in blood calcium, VD utilization and absorption disorders. Caused lesions: osteomalacia, fibrinous osteitis, bone pain, arthralgia, etc.

3. Digestive system

The lesions of the digestive system are the most obvious. Urea is decomposed to produce blood ammonia, which stimulates the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, causing ulcers and bleeding in the digestive system. Coupled with long-term anorexia, vomiting, a large amount of gastric acid secretion, and finally lead to gastric damage.

4. Respiratory system

Urea circulates into the lungs with the blood, causing fibrinous pneumonia, Pleurisy, cough, etc. Hyperparathyroidism, causing alveolar calcification. Rapid breathing, excessive breathing, causing acidosis. Heart failure, water retention, hypoalbuminemia, can cause pulmonary edema.

5. Circulatory system

Because of acidosis, high blood pressure, and toxic substances such as uric acid Damage to the myocardium may cause myocardial degeneration, pericardial effusion, and heart failure.

6. Nutritional metabolism

Chronic consumption, blood sugar drop, abnormal protein metabolism. Weight loss, dehydration.

7. Integument system

Skin calcification, melanosis, visible skin ecchymosis, Coarse hair.

When diagnosing every case of renal failure, be sure to do B-ultrasound. Especially the B-ultrasound of the kidney. Look at the shape of the kidney, the thickness of the cortex and medulla supplemented by scales, renal cones, etc., and whether there are abnormal structures and lesions.

III. Treatment

When the blood pressure drops in the body, When cardiac output is insufficient, animals are at risk of shock and death at any time. In this case, inotropes such as digoxin and pimobendan must be used promptly and decisively. Blood pressure drugs can choose dopamine, ligustrazine hydrochloride, 654-2, etc. These drugs can effectively improve renal perfusion.

After treatment for acute renal failure, renal function can be maintained at more than 25%, and life-long treatment may not be required. If it is less than 25%, it will turn into chronic renal failure and may face long-term and lifelong medication.

Reasonable diet, meticulous care by the owner, and systematic follow-up treatment are all necessary factors for the continued survival of renal failure cases.